Concept of Rights: Conventional Theories of Rights: one-liners notes

-
Image
• The Concept of rights is a dynamic concept. • Negative and Positive Right:  • Negative Rights: these rights suggest the sphere where the state is not permitted to enter. • Freedom of thought and expression implies that the state shall not impose any restriction on individual's thought and expression, it will be described as there negative rights. • Positive Rights: prescribe the responsibility of the state in securing rights of individuals. • The state shall provide universal education to promote its citizens' faculty of thoughts and expression, it will be described as their positive rights. • Conventional Theories of Rights:  • (a) Theory of natural rights • (b) Theory of moral rights • (c) Theory of legal rights  • (d) Historical theory of rights and  • (e) Social-welfare theory of rights • Theory of Natural Rights: • Theory of natural rights represents an early expression of the liberal perspective on rights.  • It was very popular in 17th and 19th centuries political thou
Post a Comment

Concept of Human Rights : One-liners notes: 1

-


Human Rights: 

• Philosophers such as Thomas Paine, John Stuart Mill and Hegel expanded on the theme of Universality during the 18th and 19th centuries. 

• In 1831 Willam Lloyd Garrison wrote in a newspaper called The Liberator that he has trying to enlist his readers in "the great cause of Human Rights" so the term human rights probably came into use sometime between Panie's The Rights of Man and Garrison publication.

•

• The ideal of rights provides for an essential tool of analysis of the relations between individual and the state. 

• Rights essentially belongs to the sphere of conflicting claims between individual and the state.

• Rights come into the picture only when authority of the state is sought to be limited, or when individuals and their groups demand a positive role of the state to secure better conditions of life. 

• If there are no rights of individuals to curb the authority of the government and to prescribe functions of the government, the assumes unbridled power. It may soon degenerate into absolutism authoritarianism, despotism and tyranny 

• Glorification of the state, without an in-built mechanism to curb authority of the state, means complete subordination of individual to the rular or the rulling groups, thereby opening the floodgates of corruption oppression, exploitation, and injustice.

• The concept of rights therefore, originates from the voice of protest against oppression perpetrated by the dominant groups in society.

• Rights are meant to safeguard the individual from the responsible and arbitrary use of power by the ruling class.

• Robert M. MacIver, in his preface to "Great Expression of Human Rights, 1951.

• All human being are equally valuable wheather are Black, White, Man, Women Asian, African every human being deserved human rights. 

• These rights are based on natural rights theory, in this way human rights are global or universal rights.

• International human rights regime to provide everyone these(civil, economic, social) human rights.

• Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948.

• Adopted by UNG Assembly (United Nation General Assemble).

• Civil, Economic and Social rights asserting these rights are part of the 'foundation of freedom, justice and peace of the 'rights-duty duality'.

• International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966.

• International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 1966.

• International Bill of Rights

• Eleanor Roosevelt as chair, who began to discuss an International Bill of Rights in 1947.

• The Universal Declaration oh Human Rights, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, together these three documents constitute, which is known as the Bill of Human Rights.

• Convention on the Elimination of all forms of discrimination against women 1979.

• Convention against torture, and other cruel,in human or degrading treatment and punishment 1984.


Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Concept of Justice : Classical Theories of Justice : Plato, Aristotle, Modern view of Justice

-
Image
  CLASSICAL THEORIES OF JUSTICE :   Plato's Theory of Justice : It would be significant to observe at the outset that the modern concept of justice is different from the traditional concept. Traditional concept of justice focused on the 'just man'. It was primarily concerned with the virtues befitting a man for enhancing his moral worth. It consisted in the performance of his duties attached to his status as determined by the prevalent law, social customs and mood of thought. A typical example of the traditional approach to the problem of justice is provided by Plato's theory of justice which sought to prescribe the duties of different citizens and required them to develop virtues befitting those duties.      Plato prescribes different duties for different classes of citizens whose fulfillment would be instrumental in building up a just social order. Justice results from each element in society doing its appropriate task, doing it well and doing it only. in order to ach
Read more

Concept of Justice: Marxist Perspective

-
Image
             Marxist Perspective  Concern with Justice  : Status of the notion of justice in Marxist thought has remained a controversial subject. One view is that Marxism aims at replacing capitalism by socialism for which revolution is indispensable. Inclination towards justice women maintaining the existing system with minor changes, and thus making a departure from the basic tenets of Marxism. This view regards the question of just as irrelevant for the Marxist theory. It holds that the exploitation of workers as described in Marx's Capital (1861-79) is the natural characteristic of capitalism. It would be futile to regard it as the problem of injustice and to try to find its solution within the capitalist system. Marx did not seek any reform in the level of incomes and wages within the capitalist system itself, but he wanted to transform mode of production and property relations.     Again, in his Critique of the Gotha Programme (1875), Marx rebuked those socialists who became
Read more

Expected questions on justice : Part-1

-
Image
                             Expected questions on Justice 1. The world  justice  has been derived  from 'justitia' which belong to language-  Ans: Latin  2. In his philosophy Plato has associated justice with-  Ans: Functions  3 . Which one of the following is not an attribute of justice?  Ans: It means maintenance of discrimination  4. Which one of the following is not an  attribute of justice?  Ans: It means  equality before law  5. It the primitive societies  justice was based on-  Ans: Tit  for tat  6 . Plato's  concept  of justice was based on-  Ans: Ethical and philosophical considerations  7 . Which is not true about Plato's concept  of justice?  Ans: He stressed only on inward aspect of human personality   8 . Which one of the following is true about Aristotle's views about justice?  Ans: It consisted in observing rules of equality 9. What is justice according to Plato?  Ans: Right of every  citizen to do  what he  qualified   10. 10 . Which one o
Read more